Consumer Bebaviour on Wrist Watch with Respect to College...

CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF WRIST WATCHES WITH RESPECT TO COLLEGE STUDENTS CHAPTER: 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION: Wrist watches form an integral part of the personality of individuals in the present era. Earlier seen as a luxury item, they are now witnessing a fundamental change in perception, and are now gaining respect as an essential utility item. For the watch industry, time seems in its favour what with the liberalization of the Indian market coupled with the rising purchasing power of the young and consumerist Indians. Indian watches market was for long dominated by public sector organisations like Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd. (HMT). But now it is being dominated by private sector enterprise like Fast track, Titan, Sonata, Rolex, Timex,†¦show more content†¦1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT: * Only college students were chosen. * Primary data is limited to questionnaire. * Some of the respondents being rarely interested gave some rough ideas for the sake of answering. * Due to paucity of time it was impossible to know the interest of large number. * Questionnaire understanding. CHAPTER : 2 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE: 2.1 IN DETAIL ABOUT INDUSTRY: India is an under penetrated market for watches. Only 27% of Indians own a watch. Total estimated volume as per 2008 is 44 million units and value of Rs 2700 crores. Vast proportion of Indaian market is below Rs 500 by about 68%. The market share of Indian watch industry 2009 market has been split into: * Low end * Mass market * Premium and luxury brands 50 million wrist watches are sold in India every year. Notwithstanding the presence of global players and the opening up of the market, the Indian market has always been dominated by a single player. In the past, till the late 80’s in the mechanical era, HMT dominated the market. And after that it has again been the domination of a single congrats, Titan had almost 65% market share of the organized watch market in the country. The organized watch market itself is estimated at 35% of the total industry size. In value terms, the size of the organized market is estimated at around Rs 1500 crores, which means that the average price of watches sold even today is less than Rs 1000. 2.2 WATCH

Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory - 1518 Words

ABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense of fulfillment at the end of our existence. According to our text book failure to overcome this challenges might be perceived as developmental issue and will reappear in the future as a problem. The 5th stage of psychosocial development allow us to get a sense of uniqueness and belonging. It is this developmental crisis that will bridge us to adulthood. Once we accept ourselves, we will be able to accept other people and feel comfortable with our possible selves and start working towards a life of produ ction and fulfillment. Social Experiences, the bridge to a Successful Adulthood A review of Erik Eriksson research on the 5th Stage of Development Understanding Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory - Psychosocial Development Theory vs. Psychosexual Development Theory It is important to understand that before Erik Erikson, there was several attempts to explain the psychology behind human development. All these different theories influenced Erik Erikson on his journey toShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1445 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was an ego psychologists who developed one of the utmost popular and prominent theories of development. While Erikson’s theory was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud s work, Erikson s theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erik Erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. UnlikeRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. TrustRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pages Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most influential theories of human development. While highly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Ericson’s theory incorporates the impact of society and conflicts of the ego, and expands it across the entire life-span of human existence. His theory breaks a life into eight stages of Psychosocial Development. In each stage a person will undergo a psychosocial crisis, which he defines as â€Å"†¦not a threat of catastrophe, but a turningRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1007 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson was a German born, American developmental psychologist. He is known best for his theory of psychosocial development, and creating the phrase â€Å"identity crisis†. He practiced after Freud, adopting some and disagreeing with some of his theories. Erikson continued the theory of the id, ego, and superego. However, unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development cannot be explained or identified solely based on sexuality. He believed that society and culture also influenceRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson is known as â€Å"The Father of Psychosocial Development† due to his work in the field of developmental psychology. Two of his most well known achievements are coining the term lifespan development and his eight stage theory of psychosocial development. Erikson was born on June 15, 1902, in Frankfurt, Germany. Although he had converted to Christianity from Judaism, Erikson and his family fled to The United States during World War II due to the Nazi rule over Germany. On May 12, 1994, Erik

Modern Christian Movement Free Essays

Christian Fundamentalism is both a movement and a code of rules, referring to the adherence to the religion and Biblical teachings (http://www.sullivan-county.com/news/index. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Christian Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now htm, 2003). Nowadays, the term is often corrupted to describe extremists and terrorists, who attack multiculturalism, democracy and the basic concepts of family planning. The present paper is designed to discuss the movement and the underlying doctrine in details and compare it to the similar Islamic and Judaist religious movements and trends. The Modern Christian Movement emerged in the beginning of the 20th century in response to modernism, industrialization and the following reformations of social life towards democracy (Appleby et al, 2003). â€Å"The five â€Å"fundamentals† of Christian belief that were enumerated in a series of 12 paperback volumes containing scholarly essays on the Bible that appeared between 1910 and 1915. Those included: 1) Biblical inerrancy; 2) The divinity of Jesus; 3)The Virgin Birth; 4) The belief that Jesus died to redeem humankind; 5)An expectation of the Second Coming, or physical return, of Jesus Christ† (www.sullivan-county.com, 2003). Furthermore, the tracts contained the criticism of technological progress and modern theology and insisted upon the return to the initials, i.e. to the first century, when original Christianity was spreading.   The whole Bible was declared inerrant, in contrast to the other Christian movements, which refuted certain parts of the Gospel. Furthermore, fundamentalists had true hostility to those who didn’t share their beliefs up to the last point, as they alleged there was nothing redundant or useless in the Bible (Appleby et al, 2003), as the scriptures should have been viewed as instructions rather than edifying stories and narratives. The followers of the movement also believed in the sixth-day Creationism and therefore rejected the whole evolutionary science. More importantly, they asserted   that Bible should not have been interpreted, as it had to be understood literally, without searching any mystic contexts, as the scriptures were written specifically for ordinary people’s understanding (Appleby et al, 2003; Armstrong, 2001). Furthermore, fundamentalists prioritized faith over virtuous lifestyle, whereas the latter was nevertheless to correspond with the exact fundamentalist teachings. It also needs to be noted that fundamentalists viewed human being as basically sinful and violent: â€Å"Because Calvin, Luther, and Augustine all see humans as â€Å"depraved† and â€Å"born into sin† produced a very negative outlook on humanity. Also their idea of the â€Å"elect† creates an attitude that they are somehow â€Å"chosen† above all others. This puts them at odds with â€Å"mainline† or liberal Protestant churches that reject the Augustinian notions of human depravity† (www.sullivan-county.com, 2003). The history of the movement itself is also interesting and controversial. In the early 20th century, the disciples of the fundamentals began to establish churches and denominations in the United States and United Kingdom (Appleby et al, 2003). In 1910, the northern Presbyterian Church proclaimed the five aforementioned principal pillars. In 1919, the World’s Christian Association was found, and W.Riley agreed to head it. In 1920, the term â€Å"fundamentalist† was first used by Curtis Lee Laws, but the contemporary fundamentalists perceived the term ambivalently, as it sounded like a conceptually new religious movement (http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/fundamen.htm, 1997). Due to the penetration of liberalism into a number of American churches, fundamentalists began to criticize widely the transformation and peculiar ‘democratization’ of Baptist and Protestant churches. Furthermore, they rejected and even attempted to curb the contemporary efforts to re-interpret and reformulate the biblical teachings, and were themselves most consistent with the content of the King James Bible, published in 1611(Armstrong, 2001; Appleby et al, 2003). â€Å"Church struggles occurred in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Protestant Episcopal Church, and even in the southern Presbyterian Church, but the grand battles were fought in the northern Presbyterian and northern Baptist denominations. Machen was the undisputed leader among Presbyterians, joined by Clarence E.Macartney† (mb-soft.com, 1997). Consequently, a number of organizations were created on the basis of the reformed Baptist and Presbyterian churches, which began to utilize the five fundamentals: the Fundamentalist Fellowship (1921), the National Federation of the Fundamentalists of the Northern Baptists (1921) and the Baptist Bible Union (1923). The unions developed their own policies in such issues as ordination of clergy ad education, and a number of particularly enthusiastic preachers denied the importance of literacy and declared Bible as their only ‘reader’ in the course of training (Armstrong, 2001; mb-soft.com, 1997). Approximately at the same time the fundamentalists began to interfere with the policies of public schools, specifically, with their curricula which included Darwinian evolution as a mandatory subject (Appleby et al, 2003). Since the 1940s, the fundamentalists split into two groups, the first one accepted the term â€Å"fundamentalism† and began to run to some extent separatist policies, whereas the second camp regarded the term as humiliating and positioning the followers of the movement as narrow-minded fanatics. The latter group, as one can understand, wished to expand the influence over Protestant churches and therefore declared their teaching as â€Å"evangelical†. This group soon ‘softened’ their hard-line Christian belief and gradually accepted the contemporary liberal ideas, expressed by a number of Protestant Church executives. Towards the late 1970s, there was a peak of the fundamentalists’ popularity, as   during Ronald Reagan campaign (Appleby et al , 2003), they were able to find answers to the most troublemaking issues like economic and social crises (in fact associated with the Vietnam War, but the adepts of the movement manipulated with the fall of the population’s moral and optimism and stated the contemporary mentality was erroneous). â€Å"They identified a new and more pervasive enemy, secular humanism, which they believed was responsible for eroding churches, schools, universities, the government, and above all families. They fought all enemies which they considered to be offspring of secular humanism, evolutionism, political and theological liberalism, loose personal morality, socialism and communism† (mb-soft.com, 1997). Thus, they employed the most powerful PR tools to influence public consciousness and arranged a number of protest actions, including the picketing family planning centers, certain education institutions and scientific laboratories in attempt to undermine the reputation of the mentioned organizations (Armstrong, 2001). Such religious activists as Jerry Falwell, pat Robertson and Hal Lindsey appeared on TV-screens as often as very popular politicians or the president and continued to encourage citizens to refuse from technological advancements, democratic ideology; the most radical fundamentalists even tried to curb immigration and force foreigners of different faith to leave the United States. The Fundamentalist Movement of the 1990s and the new millennium is still strong, but the organization has become much more ‘secluded’. Nowadays, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences has launched a new project that encourages scholars in the United States and around the world to study fundamentalism (http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/fund.html, 1998). They also theorized the religious doctrine and outlined the its basic characteristics, which include the manifestation of religious truth which must not be secreted, religious idealism as the major aspect of fundamentalist identity and demonization of any movements which diverge from the doctrine. Furthermore, â€Å"fundamentalists envision themselves as part of a cosmic struggle; they seize on historical moments and reinterpret them in the light of this cosmic struggle; they envy modernist cultural hegemony and try to overturn the distribution of power† (religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu, 1998). Appleby also discusses the major characteristics of the organized movement and stated and its primary course is the increase of the popularity of Christian religion. Furthermore, the members of the movement are selective and reject specific aspects of technological progress rather then modernity in general; the organization itself has â€Å"an elect or chosen membership; sharp group boundaries; charismatic authoritarian leaders and mandated behavioral requirement† (ibid, 1998). As one can understand, Christian fundamentalism has a lot in common with Islam and Judaism, especially in terms of the structure of the movement. For instance, both Orthodox Judaist and Islamic fundamentalist movements have the same organizational characteristics and regard themselves as the participants of a cosmic struggle. This trend, however, is not very notable in Judaism, whereas the most hard-line Muslim leaders (of radical organizations like al-Qaeda) wage true war against otherwise-minded, and, similarly to Christian fundamentalists, demonize anyone who dares challenge the teachings from the Holy Scriptures perceived as central. Judaism has always been less radical and its fundamentals are more related to the controversy over the origin of the Torah, which, as most Orthodox Judaists hold, derives actually from God rather than from humankind (Armstrong, 2001). Judaist Fundamentalism also includes â€Å"Laws of Rabbinic decree to better enforce Torah law (e.g. the prohibition of eating/cooking mixtures of milk and poultry); these laws are held to be created by the rabbis and are divinely inspired† (Armstrong, 2001, p. 385) and observes Rabbeinu Gershom’s prescriptions concerning the ban on reading letters, addressed to another person, the possibility of divorcing a female without her compliance and the regulation of eating habits. Islamic Fundamentalism refers to Sunni Islam, which recognized the Koran, Haddith and Sunnah and accordingly rejects the Shi’a laws. Similarly to the Christian Fundamentalism, the corresponding Islamic teaching includes the notion that â€Å"the problems of the world stem from secular influences. Further, the path to peace and justice lies in a return to the original message of Islam, combined with a scrupulous rejection of innovations† (Armstrong, 2001, p. 396). Technological progress is also partially rejected in the Judaist Fundamentalism – for instance, the Torah teaches that human face should not touch blade, that’s why Orthodox Jews avoid using razors and wear long beards. On the other hand, the Christian Fundamentalism has one unique feature, Messianism, which is not emphasized in the other two doctrines, as most Judaists do not view Christ as an influential religious person, whereas the concept of God’s son is absent is Islam. As one can understand, fundamentalism is to great extent synonymous to conservatism. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that the contemporary fundamentalist movement are based not purely upon the religious doctrines, but also on the aspects of PR, promotion and, if necessary, violence and compulsion. Furthermore, all of them enclose considerable restrictions upon human daily activities, – in Islam, for instance, practically all daily routines have certain algorithms; moreover, all of them challenge humanism and the principles of individual freedom, imposing personal responsibility and accountability to society or community (especially in Judaism) instead. Reference list Sullivan Country Resources. (2003). Christian Fundamentalism exposed. Available online at: http://www.sullivan-county.com/news/index.htm Religious Movements Homepage. (1998). Fundamentalism. Available online at: http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/fund.html Believe Web-Resources. (1997). (Christian) Fundamentalism. Available online at: http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/fundamen.htm Appleby, R., Almond, G. and Sivan, E. (2003). Strong Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Armstrong, K. (2001). The Battle of God: A History of Fundamentalism. New York: Ballantine Books.             How to cite Modern Christian Movement, Essay examples

Creation vs Evolution free essay sample

Almost everyone wonders if the universe was created and how it was created. People also ask, â€Å"How did human originate? † This is an argument that has been fought for many years. Although there are several ideas, society mainly argues over two of them. The first idea is that man was created by God during his creation of the universe. This is the idea of creationism. It is supported by many religious people. Creationism is supported by religion. The second way that humans could have originated is through a process called evolution. Evolution is a theory proposed by scientists to explain the origin of all species. Because both explanations are theories, neither can be proven right or wrong. To make a decision on which theory is correct, people must choose either religion or science. The first theory about the origin of man is called creationism. Creationism is taking the literal meaning of the Bible. This theory is supported throughout the world by many religions. Creationism is the theory that God created the universe and its inhabitants in six days. Because creation occurred long ago, the length of a day is undefined. In the language of Hebrew, a day could have been twelve hours, twenty-four hours, or an epoch. If the length was an epoch, creation could stretch back over billions of years (Stencil 759). The information to support creationism comes from the Bible. The Bible is not considered a science book, but many consider it to be scientifically correct. Currently, there is no scientific evidence that proves the Bible to be incorrect. Genesis, the first book of the Bible, contains the information about creation. Genesis 1 describes the physical events of creation. Genesis 2 describes the creation of human and other details. The creation process can be broken down into steps. First, God created the physical universe; this included space, tie, matter, energy, galaxies, starts planets, etc. The earth’s atmosphere transformed from opaque to translucent. The water cycle was then created. God then established the continents and oceans and put plant life on the continents. Next, the Brewer 2 earth’s atmosphere transformed from translucent to transparent; the sun, moon, and stars become visible. God then created small sea animals and later sea mammals. Next, He created birds. Afterward, He created land mammals; these were both wild and domesticated. The creation of mankind was the final step. The first two humans God put on the earth were Adam and Eve. In creationism, all humans are direct descendants from Adam and Eve. Creationism has yet to be proven wrong by scientific evidence (â€Å"Creation versus Evolution†). A creationist is someone who supports creationism. They believe in a God who is the absolute creator of both heaven and earth. They were created out of nothing and by an act of free will. They believe that God is constantly involved in his creation. He is also ready to intervene at any time that he feels is necessary. Creationists include Christians, Muslims and Jews. Because creationism means the direct taking of the Bible, creationists take the Bible as a true guide to the history of life. Creationists believe that God put Adam on the earth first. He then created Eve. They also believe that there was a world-wide flood after the initial creation. Some creationists believe the universe was created less than 10,000 years ago (Stencil 759). Creationists feel that evolution goes against the Bible. They also feel that supporting the theory of evolution is sacrilegious (â€Å"Creationism†). It is impossible to prove that God does not exist. Creationists believe that God can only be known as He wills to be known. As part of their religion, creationists support the theory of creationism (Morris). The second theory about the origin of man is known as evolution. Evolution refers to the cumulative changes that occur in a population over time. The changes are produced at a less drastic level. An organism’s genes may mutate and/or recombine in different ways during reproduction. When this organism is born, have minor to major advantages or disadvantages. The Brewer 3 rganisms born with the advantages will have a better opportunity to survive and reproduce. During reproduction, the advantages may be inherited by the offspring. When this process occurs to many individuals within a species, the organisms with the advantages will have a higher frequency. This will be higher than that of the organisms without the advantages. Eventually the organisms will become an evolved po pulation. The other population may survive or become extinct (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 7). The first scientist to introduce the theory of evolution was the Greek Anaximander in 520 BC. When the idea was proposed, it was not called evolution. Anaximander suggested that life began as slime and moved to drier places to develop. Until the nineteenth century, people thought only thought that each species was miraculously created out of nothing. Today, this idea is known as evolution. The main researcher of evolution was Charles Darwin. He was not well respected among others. He proposed his theory of evolution in the nineteenth century. He proposed that in each generation, a species contains individuals with characteristics varying slightly from average. These differences may be minor, but some give those individuals a better chance of surviving and reproducing. This will pass on the advantages to the offspring. That species may become extinct. Nevertheless, its offspring, the new species, are better at surviving the environment. Darwin came up with this theory after his many trips the Galapagos Islands, which are located in South America. Darwin’s theories were not accepted until later in the twentieth century (â€Å"What Darin Never Knew†). The theory of evolution is supported by science. Since Charles Darwin proposed his theory there is a large amount of evidence that has been discovered. DNA provides powerful evidence that humans evolved from human-like ancestors. Humans share 98 percent of their DNA with chimpanzees. This shows how closely humans and chimpanzees are related. The Brewer 4 differences in DNA distinguish the different species (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 12). Because humans and chimpanzees are so closely related, scientists have concluded that they share common ancestors. This means that both chimpanzees and humans evolved from an ape-like ancestor. The first ape-like animals walked on earth about six million years ago. Scientists are now discovering that there could have been several human-like species living at one time. Many wonder why the others have become extinct, and why humans, Homo sapiens, are the only ones that are still living (â€Å"Becoming Human†). Those who are not very well informed on the theory of evolution believe that man descended from chimpanzees, monkeys, and gorillas. This is false. Humans are not directly descended from apes. Humans, monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas are descended from a common primate ancestor, which lived millions of years ago. This ancestor is now extinct. Our more recent ancestors have evolved from this common ancestor. In evolutionary terms, these apes are like cousins to humans (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 10). Human ancestors separated from ape ancestors about thirty million years ago; human ancestors separated from chimpanzee ancestors about seven million years ago. There are five major evolutionary features between humans and chimpanzees. The first is that humans have an increased brain size. The second difference is that is that humans have shorter jaws than chimpanzees. Humans also have bipedal posture, which means they constantly walk on two legs. There is a major difference between the size of a male and female chimpanzee. However, there is not a major size difference between male and female humans. The fifth difference is the family structure of each species. Humans take care of their children for about twenty years. Also, humans tend to stay with their mate for most of their lives. On the other hand, chimpanzees usually stay with their mate until they reproduce. There was also a Brewer 5 change of culture when Homo sapiens evolved. The changes included scavenging-gathering hunting style, agriculture, and machinery. The theory of evolution states that humans evolved over millions of years Evolution is support by scientific fact (Cambell 399). When people make the decision on which theory to support, they feel as if they must choose between their religion and science. Because it is part of the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish faiths to believe that God directly created the universe and everything included, it would be sacrilegious to support the theory that man evolved (â€Å"Creationism†). It is impossible to prove that God does not exist. Also, there is no current scientific evidence that proves creation never occurred (Morris). Evolution is the theory of science. It has been proposed by scientists and has been supported by scientific evidence (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 7). Without sufficient evidence, people are unable to state that evolution. On the other hand, scientists do not have enough evidence to state evolution is absolutely correct (Ake 398). Today some choose to accept evolution but still believe in religion. All that evolution states is that life on this planet could have arisen by natural processes. By definition science cannot address super natural causes, because it is confined to the natural worlds. Science is no longer considered to be antireligious (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 8). The issue about the origin of man has resulted in many argument and trials. Duane T. Gish wrote the book Evolution, The Fossils No! , which pushed the literalist line. The book was supposed to help creationism become accepted in science. This eventually brought to a course case in Arkansas in the 1970’s. Creationism was ruled to be non-scientific, because it did not fit the requirements. There are five essential characteristics for something to be scientific. It must be guided by natural law. It has to be explanatory by reference to natural law. It has to be Brewer 6 testable against the empirical worlds. Its conclusions are tentative. Finally, it must be falsifiable (â€Å"Creationism†). Some parents do not allow their children to learn about evolution in school. There are many arguments that explain why evolution should be taught in schools. The theory of evolution is thought of as one of the most well established fields of science. Students need to know about evolution, because it is the key to fully understanding the biological sciences (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 8). People also say that if schools teach evolution they must also teach creationism. The federal court has ruled that creationism cannot be taught in schools because it is not science. The federal court also said that creationism supports a specific religion (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 9). There have been several court trials on the issue. All laws banning the teaching of evolution were overruled. All laws mandating the teaching of evolution were also overruled â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 13). The debate on the origin of man has lasted many years and does not appear to be ending soon. Because both evolution and creationism are theories, neither has been proven right or wrong (â€Å"Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial† 15). Creationism is the theory religion. Evolution is the theory of science. To make a decision on which is correct, people must chose religion or science. Brewer 7 Works Cited Ake, Benn, ed. â€Å"Evolution and Creationism. † Issues and Controversies. 3:19 09 Oct. 1998: 393-400. â€Å"Becoming Human. † NOVA. Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 03 Nov. 2009. Web. 18 Apr, 2011. Cambell, Neil, et al. Biology Concepts and Connections. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2003. Creation Versus Evolution. † Clarifying Christianity. Institute for Creation Research, 2001. Web. 18 Apr. 2011. â€Å"Creationism. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 29 Oct. 2007. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. â€Å"Evolution. † Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. 1996 Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial. Boston: NOVA,200 7. Morris, Henry. â€Å"The Bible is a Textbook of Science. † Bibliotheca Sacra Oct. 1964. Stencil Sandra. â€Å"Evolution vs. Creationism. † CQ Researcher. 7:32 22 Aug. 1997: 745-767. â€Å"What Darwin Never Knew. † NOVA. Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 15 Apr. 2011.